Participant studies
Add attention, manipulation, and exposure checks
Distinguish whether participants received, noticed, and understood the assigned interaction without hiding exclusions.
The basic idea
Attention checks assess task engagement, manipulation checks assess whether the intended treatment was perceived, and exposure diagnostics record whether it was actually delivered. These are different signals and should not be collapsed into one pass/fail label.
Record which council messages loaded, ask which interaction format the participant recalls, and include a simple instructed-response item that does not require specialist knowledge.
How to do it
- 1
Define delivery diagnostics from system events before adding self-report questions.
- 2
Add a neutral manipulation check that does not reveal the hypothesis prematurely.
- 3
Use attention checks sparingly and predefine how failures affect primary, sensitivity, and intention-to-treat analyses.
- 4
Export raw check responses and derived flags rather than deleting failed cases.
What to watch for
- Condition-dependent difficulty can make a check part of the treatment.
- Post-treatment exclusions can bias an estimated effect.
- A participant can receive the treatment without correctly naming it, and vice versa.
What a useful result looks like
The study can report assignment, actual exposure, perceived treatment, attention, and analysis inclusion as separate auditable fields.